Totalizer



Jan. 29, 1946. F, D, BURNS 2,393,748

TOTALIZER Filed Jan. 25, 1943 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 F/ca. 1. fi/s. 2.

y' E f I N V EN TOR. 9/ 524M: 00/v4z0 500w.

wwm 40 Jan. 29, 1946. F. D. BURNS ,7

TOTALIZER Filed Jan. 25,- 1943 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN VEN TOR.

fPA/VK 00mm flue/vs.

Patented Jan." 29, 1946 TOTALIZEB Frank Donald Burns, Long Beach, Ind.,assignor to The Hays Corporation, Michigan City, Ind., a corporation ofIndiana Application January 25, 1943, Serial No. 473,463

11 Claims.-

This invention relates to a totalizer. More particularly, the inventionrelates to a device by means of which two or more positions orconditions may be totalized or averaged.

The primary object of the invention is to provide a. quickly responsiveelectrically operated device of this character.

A further object is to provide a device for totalizing or averaging aplurality of conditions or positions which are remote from each other.

A further object is to provide a device of this character by means ofwhich any numberof positions or conditions may be totalized or averaged.r

A further object is to provide a device of this character having amodified Wheatstone bridge circuit including a tapped preventiveautotransformer for totalizing or averaging service, wsaid transformerpresenting a very high impedance between its terminals and very lowimpedance between 'either of said terminals and said tap.

A further object is to provide a device of this character adapted tototalize or average two or more dissimilar conditions by the use, in amodifled Wheatstone bridge circuit, of a preventive autotransformerconnected with and interposed between 'said conditions and tapped alongits In the drawings: r Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of the devicearranged to automatically average two positions or conditions.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of the device arranged for manualoperation to average two positions or conditions.

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic viewof the device arranged to automaticallytotalize three positions or conditions.

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view of the device arranged to' automaticallyaverage four positions or conditions. I

Fig. 5-is a diagrammatic view of the device arranged to automaticallytotalize five positions or conditions.

For purposes of illustration, the device has been illustrated and willbe described with reference to its application for totalizing of severalwinding at a point proportional to the ratio existing between saiddissimilar conditions.

A further object is to provide a device of this character comprising aplurality of sending potentiometers connected with proportionally tappedpreventive autotransformer means actuating a differential relay forcontrolling a reversible motor associated with a receiving po- 7tentiometer.

A-further object is to provide a device of this character comprising aplurality of sending potentiometers arranged in pairs and each .pairconnected with a proportionally tapped preventive autotransformer.

A'further object is to provide a device of this character comprising anodd number of sending .potentiometers connected in pairs with tappedpreventive 'autotransformers, wherein the odd potentiometer hasassociated therewith a resistance bearing a predetermined relationthereto and to the total number of potentiometers and connected to oneterminal of a preventive autotransformer whose opposite'terminal isconnected with the tap of one of said first named transformers.

Other objects will be apparent from the description and appended claims.

fuels to which airis to be proportioned. It will be understood that.this use is illustrative only, and not limiting, since there are manyother uses for which the device is adapted.

Referring particularly to Fig. 1, a pair of sending potentiometers IDare connected in parallel with electric lead lines ll connected to asource of alternating current. Each potentiometer is associated bysuitable means (not shown) with a fuel supply in a manner, to measure ormeter the amount of fuel, or the rate at which fuel is supplied. Thus,means may be provided for controlling the position of the contact l2along the slide wire 13 proportionally to the fuel level in one sourceor to the. rate of fuel supply from one source.

Conductors l4 connect the contacts I 2 with opposite terminals of apreventive autotransformer I5. The winding of transformer I5 is tappedat l6 proportionately to the relation existing between the two fuelsources with which the potentiometers ID are associated. Thus, if

these sources are similar, the transformer winding will be tapped at itscenter, and the voltage at tap IE 'will be one-half of the difference inthe voltages at contacts l2. Or, assuming it is desired to average ortotalize two values differing at their maximum and which are associatedwith reservoirs having equal rise betwe" high and low levels andassociated with the respective potentiometers by the same gearin but oneof which reservoirs has half the surface area of the other, thetransformer would then be tapped at the one-third point of its'winding.Hence the voltage at tap l6'wil1 be proportional to the total co t ntsOf the two reservoirs.

. site end of the core.

The preventive autotransformer i5 is of the type presenting a very highimpedance between its opposite terminals, and a very low impedancebetween either of its terminals and tap [6. One transformer found to bewell suited for this purpose has an impedance of 30,000 ohms between itsterminals and an impedance of only 120 ohms between either terminal andthe center tap.

Conductor |1 preferably extends from transformer tap IE to a dynamometeror differential relay l8 of the type illustrated in the MacGeorge PatentNo. 2,108,775, February 15, 1938. Relay i8 comprises a centering orpolarizing coil l9 connected by conductors to lead lines H. An armatureor solenoid core or bar 2| is disposed within coil i9 and normally heldin centered relation in said coil by the alternating current magneticflux generated in said coil. A deviating or energizing coil 22 isarranged in axial alignment with coil l9 at one end thereof. Coil 22 isconnected at one end with conductor i1. A second the contact which wasengaged. Motor shaft 35 shifts the contact 35 of the receivingpotentiometer, operates the air flow controller or other deviceassociated with the controlled system, and

also actuates the indicator or recorder until the voltage at the contact"of the receiving potentiometer balances the voltage at the transformertap i6 with which it i connected. Thus the device constitutes a modifiedWheatstone deviating or energizing coil 23, wound oppositely from coil22 and connected therewith by conductor 24, is arranged in axialalignment with coil l3 at the opposite end thereof. The deviating coils22 and.23 produce a push-pull effect upon the armature or core 2|, 1.e., the reversed windings thereof produce magnetic attraction at one endof the core 2| and a repulsion at the oppo- A bracket 25 mounts armatureor core 2| and is supported on a pivoted lever or contact arm 25.

Contact am 23 is connected to one of the lines H by a conductor 21. Apair of spaced contacts 28 and 23 are positioned in equi-spaced relationto the normal or centered position of the free end of contact arm 25.Contact 28 is connected by conductor with a reversible electric motor3|, and contact 29 is connected with said motor by conductor 32. Motor3| has a third lead connected by conductor 33 with one of lines ii tocomplete the motor circuit, i. e., from line through conductor 21, arm28, conductor 38 or 32, motor 3|, conductor 33 to line. Motor 3| may beconnected with a suitable process element, such as an air flowcontroller (notshown) A receiving potentiometer 34 has its contact 35mounted upon shaft 38 of motor 3|. Contact 35 is connected by conductor31 with deviating coil 23 of the differential relay. One end of slidewire 38 is connected with one of the lines The other end of slide wire38 may be connected with the opposite line H by the adjustable contact39 of a rheostat 43, which may constitute a fuel-air ratio adjustment.'Any suitable indicating or recording means may be associated with thereceiving potentiometer 34. Thus a pointer (not shown) may be mounted onthe pivot arbor of the contact 35 juxtaposed to a suitable calibratedface plate or dial.

Assuming that the positions or conditions being measured by the meteringpotentiometers l0 are of equal or similar range, capacity, etc., forexample, the liquid levels in identical fuel tanks, and that thepreventive auto transformer I5 is tapped at its center; then the voltageat the transformer tap IE will be one-half of the difference between thevoltages in conductors I4. A flow of current in the deviating coils 22and 23 of differential relay i8 will shift the armature or core 2| ofsaid relay away from its normally centered position. This movement ofcore 2| will pivot switch lever 28 to effect engagement thereof with oneof the contacts 28 and 29, thus closing a circuit for operation of motor3| in the direction selected by bridge circuit, wherein the differencein current flow, obtained by the proportional tapping of the preventiveautotransformer, is utilized to automatically average the primary ormetered conditions or positions, by means of the controllingdifferential relay, the controlled motor and the receivingpotentiometer. The direction of rotation of motor 3| changes as thevoltages in conductors l4 reverse predominance, i. e., predominance involtage at the contact of one sending potentiometer causes motoroperation in one direction, and predominance in voltage at the con tactof the other potentiometer causes motor operation in the otherdirection. This automat ically determined average can be used forindicating or recording purposes, or for process control p ses.

In Fig. 2 has been illustrated a modified embodiment of the inventionwherein the automatic operation of the device is dispensed with. Thusconductor l1 from autotransformer tap l5 leads to a current directionalindicator l8, and

' conductor 31 connects said indicator l8 with the contact 35 ofreceiving potentiometer 34. Potentiometer 34 is providedwith suitableoperating means (not shown) by means of which the contact 35 may bemanually adjusted along slide wire 35 in the direction indicated byindicator i8 until the circuit is'balanoed.

when three sending potentiometers are to be connected, a circuit asillustrated in Fig. 3 is employed. Two of the potentiometers ill havetheir contacts i2 connected by conductors i 4 with the terminals ofpreventive autotransformer H in the same manner described above. Thethird potentiometer 50 has its contact 5| connected with a conductor 52.A resistance 53 is interposed in the circuit to potentiometer 50. Thisresistance will have the following value R= gg e-R,

former 55. The other terminal of transformer 55 is connected byconductor 55 with the tap l5 of transformer l5. Assuming equal range orcapacity, etc., of the three positions or conditions being measured,transformer 55 will be tapped at its center at 51. Conductor l1 willconnect transformer tap 51 with the differential relay I8. The operationof this device will be the same as described above. It will be noted,however, that the use of resistance 53 is not essential, and mav beavoided by tapping the transformer 55 proportionally. For example,assuming equal range or capacity, etc., of the three positions orconditions being measured, transformer 55 could be tapped at a point ofits length from the terminal connected with conductor 52.

the receiving potentiometer 34. This resistance will have the followingvalue where N is the number of sending potentiometers, and R2 is the.value of the resistance of slide wire 38 of potentiometer 34.

thereof connected by conductors I 4 and 62 with preventiveautotransformers i5 and '63. The transformers are tapped at l6 and 64,as at their center points. Conductors 65 connect said taps l6 and 64with the opposite terminals of preventive autotransformer 66.Transformer 66 is tapped at 61, as at its center point,and conductor I!is connected at this tap and leads to the deviating coils ofdifferential relay is. s s

The use of the device with five potentiometers is illustrated in Fig. 5.Here the connection of two pairs 10 and 60 of the sending potentiometerswith preventive autotransformers l5 and 63, and

the connection of the latter with preventive autotransformer 66, tappedat 61, is the same as in the Fig. 4 arrangement. The odd sendingpotentiometer III has resistance 1| interposed in its circuit. Conductor12 connects contact 13 of potentiometer- H! with one terminal ofpreventive autotransformer '14. A conductor 15 connects tap 61 oftransformer 66 with the other terminal of transformer 14. Transformer1.4 is tapped at 16, as at its center point, and conductor I 1 isconnected at said tap and leads to the deviating coils of differentialrelay l8.

The low impedance between either terminal and the proportional tap ofthe preventive autotransformer is of particular value and importance inthis device because it avoids a substantial reduction-of powerinput tothe differential relay l8 or to the current directional indicator l8, ascompared to a tapped resistor which would necessarily be of a relativelyhigh value compared to the transmitting potentiometers. Other advantagesof the device are that it permits totalizing or averaging of conditionswhich are remotely located, and that its response is very quick andaccurate.

Iclaim:

1. In combination, a pair of sending potentiometers having slidecontacts each connected for response to variations of a condition, meansinterconnecting the contacts of said potentiom-. eters and including apreventive autotrans'former,"

a receiving potentiometer having a slide contact, means connecting thecontact of said receiving potentiometer with an averaging tap of saidtransformer proportioned to the ratio between said conditions, and acurrent directional device interposed in said last named means.

2. In combination, an alternating current circuit a plurality of sendingpotentiometers each having a slide conta ct:and responsive to acondition, a receiving potentiometer having a slide contact, saidpotentiometers being connected in parallel in said circuit at theirterminals and averaging means connecting the slide contacts of saidpotentiometers includinga preventive autotransformer connected with thecontacts of said sending potentiometers and tapped intermediate itswinding at a point proportional to the relative values of saidconditions for connection with the contact of said receivingpotentiometer.

3. In combinatioman alternating current circuit, a pair of voltagetransmitting devices con-'- nected in parallel in said circuit: and eachactuated in response to a variable condition, an adjustablepotentiometer having a slide contact and connected in said circuit atits terminals, and

portioned to the normal relation between said transmitters.

4. In combination, a pair of transmitting p0 tentiometers each having acontact actuated in response to a condition, a preventiveautotransformer connected to said contacts and having avoltage-averaging tap at a point proportioned to the ratio between saidconditions, a current directional relay connected with said transformertap, a receiving potentiometer having a contact connected with saidrelay, and means controlled by said relay for'adjusting the contact ofsaid receiving potentiometer, said potentiometers being connected. attheir terminals in parallel in an operating circuit.

5. In combination, a pair of transmitting potentiometers each having acontact actuated in response to a condition, a preventiveautotransformer connected to said contacts and having a voltageaveraging tap at a point proportioned to the ratio between saidconditions to regulate the output voltage at said tap in proportion tothe diiference between the voltages applied thereto, a currentdirectional relay connected with said transformer tap, a receivingpotentiometer having a contactconnected with said'relay, a re versiblepower member for adjusting the contact of said receiving potentiometer,and a reversing transformer tap, a normally balanced diiferential relayinterposed between the contact of saidreceiving potentiometer and saidtransformer tap and including a reversing switch and a reversing powermember controlled by said switch for adjusting the contact of saidreceiving potentiometer, said potentiometers being connected at oppositeterminals thereof in parallel in an operat-' ing circuit.

'7. In combination, a pair of transmitting potentiomet'ers each adaptedto be actuated in response to a condition, a preventive autotransformerconnected to said potentiometers and .having an averaging tap at a pointproportioned to the ratio between said conditions, a third transmittingpotentiometer adapted to respond to I a third condition, a secondpreventive autotransformer connected to said third potentiometer and tothe tap of said first transformer, said second transformer having anaveraging tap at a point proportioned to the ratio between said firstnamed conditions and said last named condition, a receivingpotentiometer connected with the tap of said second transformer, and .acurrent directional device interposed between said last named tap andsaid receiving potentiometer.

8. In combination, a plurality of transmitting potentiometers eachadapted to be adjusted responsive to variations of a condition, meansconmeeting said potentiometers in pairs including a preventiveautotransformer'having an averaging tap at a point proportioned to theratio between the conditions to whichthe associated potentiometersrespond, means connecting said transformer taps and including at leastone preventive autotransiormer having an averaging tap at a ointproportioned to the ratio between the preceding groups of conditions, areceiving potentiometer, means connecting the tap of the last namedtransformer and said receiving potentiometer, and a current directionaldevice in said last named connectiir means.

9. In combination, a plurality of sending potentiometers of odd number,each adapted to respond to variations of a condition, means connectingsaid potentiometers in pairs including a preventive autotransiorrnerhaving an averaging tap at a point proportioned to the ratio of theconditions to which the potentiometers associated therewith respond, aresistance associated with the odd potentiometer and proportioned to theslide wire resistance of said odd potentiometer and to the total numberof potentiometers, means connecting said odd potentiometer With atransformer tap of the first connecting means including a proportionallytapped preventive autotransformer having an averaging tap, a receivingpotentiometer, means connecting said receiving potentiometer with thetap of the last named transformer, and a current directional deviceinterposed in said last named connecting means.

10. A totalizer comprising an alternating current circuit, a pair ofvoltage transmitting devices connected in said circuit in parallel andhaving an adjustable element responsive to similar conditions, a centertapped preventive autotransiormer connecting the adjustable elements ofsaidtransmitters to average the voltage thereof, and a receivingpotentiometer having a contact connected to the tap of said transformerand terminals connected in parallel to said transmitters.

11. A totalizer comprising a plurality of voltage transmitting devicesconnected in parallel in an operatin circuit and each having anadjustable element responsive to a condition, a preventiveautotransformer connecting said adjustable elements and having anaveraging tap at a point proportioned to the ratio between saidconditions, and a receiving potentiometer connected in said circuit inparallel at its terminals and having a contact connected with saidtransformer tap, and a totalizin bias resistor in series with saidreceiving potentiometer and proportioned to the total number oftransmitting devices and to the slide wire resistance of saidpotentiometer.

FRANK DONALD BURNS.

